What is fault? What are different types of faults ?? Geo thinking

Fault :

When the The Crustal rocks are displaced due to tensional moment caused by endogenetic forces along a plane the resultant structure is called a fault.

Components of a fault :

Components of a fault are given below,
1. Fault Plane is that plane along which the rock blocks are displaced by tensions and compressional forces acting vertically and horizontally to form a fault.

2. Fault dip is the angle between the fault plane and horizontal plane..

3. Upthrown Side represents the uppermost block of a fault.

4. Downthrown side represent the lower most block of a fault.

5. Hanging wall represents the upper wall of a fault.

6. Foot wall represents the lower wall of a fault.

7. Fault scarp is the steep wall-like slope caused by faulting of the crustal rocks.

Types of faults :

1. Normal faults are formed due to the displacement of both the rocks blocks in opposite directions due to fracture consequent upon greatest stress.

2. Reverse faults are formed due to the movement of both the fractures rock blocks towards each other.

3. Lateral or strike-slip faults are formed when the rock blocks are displaced horizontally along the fault plane due to horizontal movement.

4. Step faults - when a series of faults occur in any area in such a way that the slopes of all fault planes of all faults are in the same direction the resultant faults are called as step faults.

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